ABSTRACT
Los fármacos antitrombóticos son un pilar fundamental en el tratamiento y prevención de las enfermedades cardiovasculares. A pesar de la amplia experiencia previa, en los últimos años se han producido importantes novedades en la práctica clínica que han modificado estrategias terapéuticas en diferentes escenarios como en el campo de la fibrilación auricular, la cardiopatía isquémica o el intervencionismo coronario percutáneo. A todo esto se debe que añadir el papel fundamental del tratamiento antitrombótico durante la reciente pandemia de COVID-19 y sus implicaciones dado el estado protrombótico que produce la infección por el virus SARS-CoV-2. Desde el Grupo de Trabajo de Trombosis Cardiovascular de la Sociedad Española de Cardiología, se ha sintetizado la evidencia científica reciente en el presente documento.
ABSTRACT
Resumen Los fármacos antitrombóticos son un pilar fundamental en el tratamiento y prevención de las enfermedades cardiovasculares. A pesar de la amplia experiencia previa, en los últimos años se han producido importantes novedades en la práctica clínica que han modificado estrategias terapéuticas en diferentes escenarios como en el campo de la fibrilación auricular, la cardiopatía isquémica o el intervencionismo coronario percutáneo. A todo esto se debe que añadir el papel fundamental del tratamiento antitrombótico durante la reciente pandemia de COVID-19 y sus implicaciones dado el estado protrombótico que produce la infección por el virus SARS-CoV-2. Desde el Grupo de Trabajo de Trombosis Cardiovascular de la Sociedad Española de Cardiología, se ha sintetizado la evidencia científica reciente en el presente documento. Antithrombotic drugs play a key role in the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Despite the previous knowledge, important developments in clinical practice have been reported in the last few years, especially in the field of atrial fibrillation, coronary heart disease and percutaneous coronary intervention. Moreover, it is important to highlight the role of antithrombotic therapy in the current COVID-19 pandemic, since the infection caused by the new coronavirus SARS-Cov-2 has been associated with a prothrombotic state. This paper by the Working Group on Cardiovascular Thrombosis of the Spanish Society of Cardiology aims at summarizing the current information available in this complex scenario.
ABSTRACT
SARS-CoV-2 infection, also known as COVID-19 (coronavirus infectious disease-19), was first identified in December 2019. In Spain, the first case of this infection was diagnosed on 31 January, 2020 and, by 15 April 2020, has caused 18 579 deaths, especially in the elderly. Due to the rapidly evolving situation regarding this disease, the data reported in this article may be subject to modifications. The older population are particularly susceptible to COVID-19 infection and to developing severe disease. The higher morbidity and mortality rates in older people have been associated with comorbidity, especially cardiovascular disease, and frailty, which weakens the immune response. Due to both the number of affected countries and the number of cases, the current situation constitutes an ongoing pandemic and a major health emergency. Because Spain has one of the largest older populations in the world, COVID-19 has emerged as a geriatric emergency. This document has been prepared jointly between the Section on Geriatric Cardiology of the Spanish Society of Cardiology and the Spanish Society of Geriatrics and Gerontology.
Subject(s)
Cardiovascular Diseases , Coronavirus , Melatonin , Aged , Emergency Service, Hospital , HumansABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: Initial data on COVID-19 infection has pointed out a special vulnerability of older adults. DESIGN: We performed a meta-analysis with available national reports on May 7, 2020 from China, Italy, Spain, United Kingdom, and New York State. Analyses were performed by a random effects model, and sensitivity analyses were performed for the identification of potential sources of heterogeneity. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: COVID-19-positive patients reported in literature and national reports. MEASURES: All-cause mortality by age. RESULTS: A total of 611,1583 subjects were analyzed and 141,745 (23.2%) were aged ≥80 years. The percentage of octogenarians was different in the 5 registries, the lowest being in China (3.2%) and the highest in the United Kingdom and New York State. The overall mortality rate was 12.10% and it varied widely between countries, the lowest being in China (3.1%) and the highest in the United Kingdom (20.8%) and New York State (20.99%). Mortality was <1.1% in patients aged <50 years and it increased exponentially after that age in the 5 national registries. As expected, the highest mortality rate was observed in patients aged ≥80 years. All age groups had significantly higher mortality compared with the immediately younger age group. The largest increase in mortality risk was observed in patients aged 60 to 69 years compared with those aged 50 to 59 years (odds ratio 3.13, 95% confidence interval 2.61-3.76). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: This meta-analysis with more than half million of COVID-19 patients from different countries highlights the determinant effect of age on mortality with the relevant thresholds on age >50 years and, especially, >60 years. Older adult patients should be prioritized in the implementation of preventive measures.